Wednesday, January 13, 2010

The Wessmans in Sweden, Part 3 of 5

In all the records I’ve seen, our ancestors were tenant farmers or farm laborers.

Life was more primitive than we're used to. Women were likely to die in childbirth or at young ages of other causes. A normal life expectancy for women in our family in Sweden was 40 years. Edla Brun, the mother of Amanda Hall Wessman died at age 23 after giving birth to her second daughter. Edla’s husband Anders Hall remarried, as did most widowers, and had nine more children. The infant mortality rate was high. Many families lost at least one child to death.

The major events in life centered around the parish church. Some time after birth, a child would be christened with several witnesses attending the ceremony. The Swedes had a tradition that a woman would not attend church services for some time after a baby was born, and then the pastor would accept the woman back into church fellowship. Marriage also took place in the parish church and burials were done in the graveyards around the church. In addition, the Lutheran church kept censuses and kept records of when a person moved from one parish to another. These records are, of course, only as accurate as the parish officials kept them and have sometimes been lost to fire.

I did some research on the “Wessman” side of the family and not the “Hall” side of the family for a college research course. Tomorrow I will include links to the genealogy and provide a map of Göteborgs-och-Bohuslan.


Assignment (if you dare!):
Read the Family History Center’s Research Outline for Sweden. (You can download and print a copy.)

1. Photo of the church in Tanum where Amanda Hall Wessman was christened from sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanums_kyrka. 

2. Photo of Svarteborg church where members of the Hall family were married and christened from sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svarteborgs_kyrka. 

3. Photo of the church in Romelanda where Johan Wessman's parents were married and he was christened from sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil:Romelanda_kyrka.jp

Tuesday, January 12, 2010

The Wessmans in Sweden, Part 2 of 5

Life was hard for our Swedish ancestors. They lived in a very beautiful land, which was quickly becoming overpopulated.

Sweden is about the size of California. It has 96,000 lakes. The country is divided into provinces (landskap). Our Wessman ancestors are from the provinces of Bohuslän (about 25 miles wide and 100 miles long) and Dalsland (30 miles wide and 60 miles long) which are on the western coast of Sweden bordering Norway and just across the Kattegat or strait from the tip of Denmark. Scandinavian borders have shifted extensively during history, so this area has sometimes been under Norwegian rule. The area is rich in legend and superstition including tales of a giant who formerly lived in the mountains of Svarteborg parish (northern Bohuslän), a king and his knights who live inside the mountains of the same area and would return to help Sweden at its time of need, trolls, and little elves (tomts) who lived in orderly households and helped the inhabitants.
Although Swedes now enjoy religious freedom, the Catholic Church was the state religion until the Protestant Reformation, when the Swedes became Lutheran en masse. In doing genealogical research, you must know the ecclesiastical divisions. Information on the Wessman family is in the church records of “Göteborgs-och-Bohus Län” and “Alvsborg”, which are then divided further into districts and parishes. The genealogical records may also mention the farms where people lived. Our ancestor Johan Bengtsson Wessman was born on Braseröd farm, in Romelanda parish, Göteborgs-och Bohus Län (G-o-Bh), Sweden. The Wessmans did not live in the city of Göteborg until the mid 19th century.

Update: I realized that the farm names are probably the same 170 years later. Here's a map of the location of Braseröd farm. It's a 20 minute drive to Romelanda and a 45 minute drive to Göteborg.


View Larger Map


Assignment:
Read a history of Sweden (short or long) and debate with someone the merits of cross-country versus downhill skiing. Extra credit if you do this at Ikea while eating Swedish meatballs.

Part 1
The photo of Bohus is from www.flickr.com/photos/jimmyroq/1088257154/. The photo of Göteborg is from www.flickr.com/photos/mikaelmiettinen/3929886448/. The picture of hunting wolves on skis from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wolfskidor.jpg.

Monday, January 11, 2010

The Wessmans in Sweden, Part 1 of 5

Johan Bengtsson was a Swedish sailor. Sweden, like other Scandinavian countries, used a patronymic naming system except when a family name existed, usually among nobility and people of property. Children were named after their fathers. Johan Bengtsson was the son of Bengt Persson who was the son of Per Andersson who was the son of Anders Olofsson. Johan’s mother Maret Olafsdotter was literally Olaf Bengtsson’s daughter. (Genealogists sometimes simplify and write Maret “Olafson” although this is not correct.) Women didn’t change their names when they married.

Amanda Hall and Johan Bengtsson Wessman and a happy child. I'm not aware of any other pictures of Johan.

In the 19th century, the Scandinavian governments discouraged use of the patronymic naming system. Unless a family took a non-patronymic name, the family used the patronymic name that was currently in use. Johan’s daughter-in-law, Jean Wessman, noted that, “John Bengtson… had been legally been given the name of Wessman as there were so many of the name Bengtson on the ship where he worked as a sailor.” He chose the name “Wessman” which was the name of a family in the city of Göteborg (pronounced “yur’-ta-bor-ee” and written in English as “Gothenburg”) where he and his family lived.

If Johan had not chosen this name, the family would most likely now be called “Bengtson” rather than “Wessman.” (Swedish families often dropped the double “s” in patronymic names when they came to America, and it’s often done in genealogy, although it’s not correct to record the names that way until the families started using the new spelling. Names should be listed as they first appeared in the records.)


Assignment (just for fun!):
Read this article on Swedish patronymics and figure out what your name would be if we used a patronymic naming system.

Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5


The photo of Göteborg is from www.flickr.com/photos/andreas/3285219827/.

Thursday, January 7, 2010

The Henry and Jean Wessman Family

A photo of the young Wessman family with Jean's parents.
Another copy of the photo has names written on each figure, but some are a bit hard to decipher.
Front: John, Jean, Phil, Betty, Bobby (cousin Robert Edwards, son of L.R.J and Elizabeth Hayward Edwards)
Middle: Merle, Harry, Paul, Dick, Ernest (baby)
Back: Jean, Grandpa Henry Hayward, Henry, Grandma Elizabeth Pugsley Hayward

1946—after the war.

The people in the photograph aren't identified, but I am guessing the following from looking at other photos in which family members are identified. Please leave corrections in the comments. [Thanks for all the comments. It looks like we have everyone correctly identified now. 1.28.2010]

Front: Barbara (Harry's wife), Jean, Marilyn, Elaine Shirts, JoAnn Shirts, Harry (Henry H. Wessman)
Middle: Richard, Elaine (Ernie's wife), Elizabeth Jane (Betty; Phil's first wife), Norinne, James (Harry's son), Jean, Beverly, John
Back: Phillip, Henry H. Jr (Hank; Harry's son), Gammon, Ernest (Ernie), Joseph Shirts

After Jean's funeral.
Front: John, Keith, Liz, Boyd, Gam
Back: Ernie, Harry, Jean, Phil, Norinne, Paul

Wednesday, January 6, 2010

Wessman 3: Hazel Jean Hayward Wessman

Hazel Jean Wessman was born of pioneer stock and lived her life in Salt Lake and Ogden except for one starry year which she spent in Berlin studying piano under the famous Spanish teacher, Alberto Jonas, at ten dollars per half hour. Tracy Cannon threw in an extra lesson a week on technique. It was a wonderful year, being there in the famous old city, in the company of the illustrious Utah colony studying music there at the time—Emma Lucy Gates [Bowen], Tracy Cannon, Tom Giles [a grandson of Thomas Davis Giles, Utah's Blind Harpist], Lulubelle Eldredge, Sybella Clayton (Basset) and her brother, Larry Basset [Lawrence Clayton], Willard Andelin, the great basso, and his wife [Arvilla Clark], who was studying piano and voice; Alfred Best, one of the best tenors in Utah, and his wife [his second wife, Emma Dean, was twelve years younger, and their first child was born in Berlin in March 1908], all fine church members. Also, there were the young missionaries, and Jean’s friend Rita Jackman and her aunt Helen Kimball [Tilton]. These three rented an apartment and had a piano which the girls practiced each four hours a day. Sundays were spent with the colony above mentioned, and the missionaries. It was their custom to attend Church, [seem to be missing some text here about Germany] which did not then tolerate religious freedom. After Church, they all went up town for dinner and then spent the day together.

One of Jean’s delightful memories of this time was the day she and Lucy Gates cooked Thanksgiving dinner for the missionaries. She says ladies were not safe at that time on the streets alone, so whenever the girls went out, Tom Giles, Lawrence Clayton or Tracy Cannon would escort them. The colony spent all their spare time together absorbing the culture of this wonderful old city.

Jean came home from this jaunt in August and was married in November to Henry R. Wessman whom she had been virtually engaged to before she went to Berlin. He had urged her to go and not miss such an educational opportunity. He was a linotype operator here and in Ogden, and was also of pioneer parentage and was born in Salt Lake. [Note: slight error in geography. He was born in Sweden.] They had met at Pete Christensen’s, Salt Lake’s first dancing school.
This was a very happy marriage, blessed with fourteen children, nine boys and five girls, all of whom lived to adulthood, only one having passed away a few years ago.

Henry Wessman was also a talented singer. He and his wife played piano duets together, and it was a very musical atmosphere for the fourteen children who were all born with a musical bent, and who all loved and appreciated it and performed as much as their opportunities would permit. Here was a husband who loved children; his own fourteen and all the neighborhood children as well. On holidays they really crowded them in. The neighbors often spoke of their memories of Henry Wessman out in the vacant lot playing ball and golf with the children. They had wonderful, happy times together, until the sudden death of this kind and gifted man, nearly twenty years ago. Sister Wessman and the thirteen children still at home—the youngest being two—bravely went on alone, with the kind help of the Lord. Sister Wessman says she does not know how she would have born [sic] her widowhood and the responsibility of her large family without the inspiration she drew from her Church affiliation. It was her salvation in her great need.
“I cannot understand how anyone can grudge time taken from other things and given to Church work. This is not a trial to do what one can for the Gospel, but a privilege which is repaid a hundred-fold.”

Sister Wessman, in her nineteen years of widowhood has not had to leave her home to go to work, but her willing and cooperative family have taken the responsibility of the home upon themselves. There has always been happiness, and unity among them. Now they are scattered all over the world, as well as some of them around here.

Seven sons served overseas in World War II, and all returned uninjured from combat. Two are in the service now.

Sister Wessman has served faithfully as organist in various organizations in our ward for 16 years, as well as acting as literary [?] in Relief Society.


Anonymous. “Nut-Shell Biography of Jean Wessman Our Organist.”

The color picture is Unter den Linden, a view of Berlin in 1900 by Max Liebermann.

Tuesday, January 5, 2010

Wessman 3: Hazel Jean Hayward Wessman


b March 30, 1887 Salt Lake City, Utah
m 25 November 1908 Salt Lake City, Utah
d 19 October 1959 Salt Lake City, Utah
Parents: Henry John Hayward; Elizabeth Ann Pugsley
Husband: Henry Richard Emanuel Wessman

Into a small cottage on First North in Salt Lake City, Utah was born a daughter to Henry John Hayward and Elizabeth Ann Pugsley. She was given the name of Hazel Jean but was always called “Jean.” Four older brothers and sisters had died as infants in diphtheria epidemics but a brother Philip was living. When ten years of age Philip died leaving Jean and a sister, Merle. Later two other children, Elizabeth and John were born, making nine children being born into the family.

Next door to our home was the home of our paternal grandparents where we children spent many happy hours. Later we built a home in Pugsley Court near our maternal grandparents where we lived until shortly before my marriage. Here my sister Merle died of typhoid fever just leaving the three of us home.


A clipping from the Deseret News from April 14, 1906 telling about the Women's Democratic Club celebration of Thomas Jefferson's birthday. 


I attended Washington School and West High and also studied the piano. After graduation I continued with my piano studies. We moved into a home on 2nd North and 2nd West where I continued with my music and from which I left for a year’s study in Europe. I went abroad with Rita Jackman [1886-1970, a piano teacher of note in Salt Lake City for many years] and her aunt where we resided at Bamberger Straße 5 in Berlin. My teacher was Alberto Jonas and we practiced four hours each day. There was quite a colony of Utah music students in Berlin at the time so we had a very enjoyable year. My father, my sister and my Aunt Clara came over to come home with me.

While I was attending school I met Henry Wessman to whom I was married soon after my return from Europe. We were married in the Salt Lake Temple on Nov. 25, 1908. For a few months we lived in Ogden, then we returned to Salt Lake to make a home. Later we moved to Provo and Ogden. There were 14 children born to us. In 1932 our husband and father died after which we returned to Salt Lake where we have since resided. As the children married some of them moved away as far as New York and Los Angeles.

During the second world war eight of our nine sons were in service, all returning safely. My oldest daughter Merle, died in April of 1945 in Salt Lake City, while we were living at our home at 184 E. St. which we purchased on returning here to live after Henry’s death. The boys and girls all worked to help keep the family together. As they each married they made homes of their own.

My life has been mainly domestic with music as a side-light. My church has been a wonderful activity also and I have been organist in most organizations, both ward and stake.

Wessman, Hazel Jean Hayward. “Hazel Jean Hayward Wessman Written by Herself."

Monday, January 4, 2010

Wessman 2: Henry Richard Emanuel Wessman


b 7 February 1885 Göteborg, Sweden
m 25 November 1908 Salt Lake City, Utah

d 15 March 1932 Ogden, Utah
Parents: John Bengtsson Wessman; Amanda Matilda Hall
Wife: Hazel Jean Hayward

 In Göteborg, Sweden, on February 7, 1885 was born a son to John and Amanda Hall Wessman. At this time there were two older sisters and a brother, two infant children having passed away. He was christened Henry Richard Emanuel Wessman, the latter name [Emanuel] being given as a baptismal name in the Lutheran Church. His father was named John Bengtson but had been legally been given the name of Wessman as there were so many of the name Bengtson on the ship where he worked as a sailor. His mother Amanda Hall had become a convert to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, so other members of the family were also baptized into that church. The two older sisters Fanny and Bertha came to the United States when they were about 15 years of age with other members of the church as converts and went to work as maids in homes of church members when they reached Salt Lake City. When Henry was eight years of age he and his brother, Herbert, came to Utah with other converts to the church. His sisters took care of him and Herbert until the mother arrived later.

As they were all anxious about the husband and father who was in Sweden it was necessary for them to work to earn money to help him earn passage money. Life was hard for them as their younger brother Joseph was only five years of age when he came with his mother. Later the father came over but lived only six months after his arrival, dying in Kamas, Utah where the daughter Bertha and her husband were homesteading. This necessitated Mrs. Wessman’s working in a tailor shop to support her three small sons. The boys knew poverty and were not able to stay in school until they graduated, except Joseph who was the youngest and whose brothers helped by working to keep him in school. Henry clerked in a man’s clothing store, worked in a printing shop and there became apprenticed in a linotype shop where he learned machine work and type-setting. He became an expert in his line of work and worked hard at his trade.

He was married to Jean Hayward on November 25, 1908 and went to Ogden for a short time, later coming to work at the Salt Lake Tribune. As 14 children were born to this marriage he worked at various printing plants in Provo, Salt Lake and Ogden and bought a linotype machine on which he taught the boys, his two oldest sons, the trade.

He passed away on March 15, 1932 when his baby was two years of age making it necessary for the older children to work to help support the family. After his death we sold the typesetting machine and moved from Ogden to Salt Lake City where we have since resided.

Wessman, Hazel Jean Hayward. “Henry Richard Emanuel Wessman.”

Friday, January 1, 2010

Daguerreotype (Posting Photo for Link)

Happy New Year!

2010. Wow. With the turning over of the calendar, it is time to start posting about the Wessman family.

First is Henry Richard Emanuel Wessman. After telling about him, I will trace his family back to Sweden and cover all the information I have about the family and their ancestral home in Göteborgs och Bohus before switching over to tell the story of his wife, Hazel Jean Hayward, and her ancestors. Most of the lines in the Hayward family trace back to southern England.

After joining the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and moving to America, most of these families lived in and around Salt Lake City, Utah, so the time on these lines will mostly be divided between Sweden, England, and Salt Lake City.

The histories normally post Monday through Friday at a rate of 10-20 posts a month. As always, I appreciate readers sharing pictures or histories, comments, stories, recollections, etc. I try to preserve a bit of privacy for living people and those who have recently passed away.

Every post has one or more tags, and if you read down the "Index" which is right below the search box on the right side of the blog, you can select a name and bring up all the posts in which the person or topic is named. In addition, there is an "ahnentafel" list of all the ancestors in the Wessman line way down in the right sidebar.

I enjoyed researching in Swedish records when I was in college and am looking forward to reviewing the research once again. It will be a great start to the year!



The photo of the castle in Bohus, Sweden, is from www.flickr.com/photos/-pebe-/2521517076/. The photo of the rocky beach and boat at Deal, Kent, England is from www.flickr.com/photos/katphotos/2904871509/. Both photos are in Creative Commons and are available for use with some rights reserved by the photographers, including attribution of the works, which is why I include a link to the photos on flickr.